Lingbao Huxin Pill Alleviates Apoptosis and Inflammation at Infarct Border Zone through SIRT1-Mediated FOXO1 and NF- κ B Pathways in Rat Model of Acute Myocardial Infarction / 中国结合医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate whether Lingbao Huxin Pill (LBHX) protects against acute myocardial infarction (AMI) at the infarct border zone (IBZ) of myocardial tissue by regulating apoptosis and inflammation through the sirtuin 1 (SIRT1)-mediated forkhead box protein O1 (FOXO1) and nuclear factor-κ B (NF-κ B) signaling pathways.@*METHODS@#Six-week-old Wistar rats with normal diet were randomized into the sham, the model, Betaloc (0.9 mg/kg daily), LBHX-L (0.45 mg/kg daily), LBHX-M (0.9 mg/kg daily), LBHX-H (1.8 mg/kg daily), and LBHX+EX527 (0.9 mg/kg daily) groups according to the method of random number table, 13 in each group. In this study, left anterior descending coronary artery (LADCA) ligation was performed to induce an AMI model in rats. The myocardial infarction area was examined using a 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride solution staining assay. A TdT-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) assay was conducted to assess cardiomyocyte apoptosis in the IBZ. The histopathology of myocardial tissue at the IBZ was assessed with Heidenhain, Masson and hematoxylineosin (HE) staining assays. The expression levels of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1 β, and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs). The mRNA expressions of SIRT1 and FOXO1 were detected by real-time qPCR (RT-qPCR). The protein expressions of SIRT1, FOXO1, SOD2, BAX and NF- κ B p65 were detected by Western blot analysis.@*RESULTS@#The ligation of the LADCA successfully induced an AMI model. The LBHX pretreatment reduced the infarct size in the AMI rats (P<0.01). The TUNEL assay revealed that LBHX inhibited cardiomyocyte apoptosis at the IBZ. Further, the histological examination showed that the LBHX pretreatment decreased the ischemic area of myocardial tissue (P<0.05), myocardial interstitial collagen deposition (P<0.05) and inflammation at the IBZ. The ELISA results indicated that LBHX decreased the serum levels of inflammatory cytokines in the AMI rats (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Furthermore, Western blot analysis revealed that the LBHX pretreatment upregulated the protein levels of SIRT1, FOXO1 and SOD2 (P<0.05) and downregulated NF- κ B p65 and BAX expressions (P<0.05). The RT-qPCR results showed that LBHX increased the SIRT1 mRNA and FOXO1 mRNA levels (P<0.05). These protective effects, including inhibiting apoptosis and alleviating inflammation in the IBZ, were partially abolished by EX527, an inhibitor of SIRT1.@*CONCLUSION@#LBHX could protect against AMI by suppressing apoptosis and inflammation in AMI rats and the SIRT1-mediated FOXO1 and NF- κ B signaling pathways were involved in the cardioprotection effect of LBHX.

Study of dry eye after phakic posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

@#AIM: To study the clinical changes related to dry eye and evaluate the severity of ocular surface diseases in patients with posterior chamber intraocular lens(ICL)implantation. <p>METHODS: Prospective study. Totally 50 eyes of 50 cases with myopia who were underwent ICL surgery from September 2019 to October 2019. Ocular surface disease index questionnaire(OSDI), fluoresceine staining of cornea tear break up time(TBUT), Schirmer Ⅰ test(SⅠt), and tear meniscus were measured before and 1wk, 1 and 3mo after surgery.<p>RESULTS: The scores of OSDI questionnaire and corneal staining were significantly increased at 1wk and 1mo after operation(<i>P</i><0.05). There was a difference between 3mo and 1wk pastoperatve(χ²=5.267,<i>P</i>=0.022), and recovered to the preoperative level at about 3mo. Corneal staining scores were significantly positively correlated with OSDI questionnaire scores at all time points(<i>r_s</i>>0, <i>P</i><0.05). TBUT decreased significantly at 1wk and 1mo after operation(<i>P</i><0.05), and returned to the preoperative level 3mo after operation. There was no significant difference in the basal tear volume(SⅠt)and the height of lacrimal river in the middle of lower eyelid between before and after operation(<i>P</i>>0.05). <p>CONCLUSION: The stability of tear film on the ocular surface will be affected by ICL implantation in the early postoperative period, and the patients will have different degrees of dry eye related symptoms. OSDI questionnaire score can be used to evaluate their subjective discomfort symptoms. However, at 3mo after operation, the stability of tear film on the surface of eyes recovered to the preoperative level. The higher the positive score of corneal staining was, the more obvious the subjective discomfort was.

Comparison between Ye Tianshi and Wu Jutong in treatment of summer-heat disease / 中国中药杂志

Through the traditional Chinese medicine inheritance platform system, with the help of medical records, Ye Tianshi and Wu Jutong's medication characteristics for summer heat sickness were analyzed, the laws of the two people's medication were summarized, and the similarities and differences between the two were explored to explore the relationship. As a result, it was found that both of them recognized the relationship between summer heat and wetness, and Wu Jutong believed that "wind" was also an important pathogenic factor. Both of the patients were treated with cold medicine and warm medicine. They used mostly bitter, sweet, pungent taste and lungs, spleen, stomach, and heart meridian are the main components; two are commonly used Armeniacae Semen Amarum, Talcum, Rehmanniae Radix, Ophiopogonis Radix, Pinelliae Rhizoma and other drugs, Ye Tianshi use Scrophulariae Radix, Tetrapanacis Medulla, Coicis Semen and other drugs more, Wu Jutong use Gypsum Fibrosum, Sojae Semen Praeparatum, Menthae Haplocalycis Herba and other drugs more; at the same time, a combination of two high-frequency medicines used by two people has been excavated, and a new prescription has been deduced to provide a reference for further understanding and treatment of summer diseases.

Clinical research status and progress of central retinal artery occlusion / 中华眼底病杂志

Embolus occlusion in the retinal artery is the most common cause of central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO),while hypertension is the most common risk factor of CRAO,and ipsilateral carotid artery stenosis is the most significant risk factor in CRAO.Current clinical treatments include conservative treatments such as dilation of blood vessels and lowering the intraocular pressure (IOP),as well as aggressive treatments like intravenous thrombolysis and Nd∶YAG laser.Both thrombolysis and Nd∶YAG laser treatment can improve the visual acuity of CRAO patients,but because of its lack of randomized controlled trials,further clinical studies are needed to determine their efficacy and safety.CRAO patients may have vascular embolism at other sites in the body,and may cause different degrees of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events.The probability of secondary ocular neovascularization following the occurrence of these events is 2.5％ to 31.6％.In addition to eye care,clinicians should also focus more on preventing cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events,and focus on the screening and active treatment of systemic risk factors to reduce the incidence and mortality of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events.

Clear cell papillary renal cell carcinoma: a distinct low-grade renal tumour / 中华病理学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the clinicopathologic features of clear cell papillary renal cell carcinoma (CCPRCC).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The clinical, morphologic and immunohistochemical characteristics of 6 cases of CCPRCC were reviewed, with analysis of follow-up data.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>There were altogether 3 men and 3 women. The mean age of patients was 56 years. The size of tumors ranged from 1.0 to 4.5 cm in greatest dimension. They had solid or solid-cystic cut surface. Histologically, the tumors were encapsulated and showed several morphologic patterns, with tubules, papillae, acini, interconnecting ribbons and macro/microcysts lined by single layer of cells with clear or small amount of eosinophilic cytoplasm and low-grade nuclei (corresponding to Fuhrman grade 1 or 2). Mitotic figures were rarely seen. Characteristically, there was linear arrangement of the nuclei away from the basement membrane, conferring an appearance similar to that of endometrial glands in early secretory phase. Tubules and cysts contained serosanguineous fluid or colloid-like secretion were identified. No foamy histiocytes, psammomatous calcifications or hemosiderin was present in the papillary areas. Two of the tumors showed focal or extensive angioleiomyoma/leiomyoma-like components. No coagulative necrosis, sarcomatoid dedifferentiation, nor microscopic vascular invasion was observed. Immunohistochemically, all tumors showed strong co-expression of CK7 and CA9 (with characteristic "goblet" staining pattern). The staining for EMA, CK (AE1/AE3), vimentin, CK8, CK18, CK19 and PAX-8 were also positive in all cases. Ki-67 was expressed in less than or about 5% of the tumor cell nuclei. The staining for CD10, P504S, CD117, TFE3 and TFEB was negative. Follow-up data were available in all patients, with mean duration of 14 months (range = 7 to 27 months). All of the patients were disease-free after operation.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>CCPRCC is a special type of low-grade renal neoplasm with characteristic histopathologic and immunohistochemical features. It needs to be distinguished from clear cell renal cell carcinoma or papillary renal cell carcinoma.</p>

Expression and Clinical Significance of Neuropilin-1 and 2 in Colorectal Carcinoma / 天津医药

Objective To observe the expression of Neuropilin (NRP)-1, 2, to calculate micro vessel density (MVD) in colorectal cancer, paraneoplastic tissues, normal tissues, and to investigate the correlation between NRP-1, 2 and MVD to understand the role of NRP-1, 2 in the process of tumor angiogenesis. Methods Expression of NRP-1 and NRP-2 were studied by immunohistochemistry in 66 specimens from colorectal cancer, paraneoplastic tissues and normal tissues. MVD was assessed based on CD105 immunohistochical staining. Results (1) The positive expression of NRP-1, 2 in colorectal cancer, paraneoplastic tissues, normal tissues were 71.2%, 25.8%, 0;80.3%, 15.2%, 0 respectively. There was a statistical difference between them (P0.05). (4) The MVD value had no correlation with the gender or age of patients, tumor size, position, histological types (P>0.05), but had a good correlation with infiltrating depth, lymphatic metastasis and Dukes staging (P<0.05). (5) There was a positive correlation between NRP-1, 2 and MVD value (P<0.01). Conclusion NRP-1, 2 may play an important role in the angiogenesis of the colorectal cancer, and it correlates with the invasion and metastasis of colorectal cancer closely.

Clinicopathologic features and prognosis of T lymphoblastic lymphoma associated with Langerhans cell histiocytosis / 中华病理学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the clinicopathologic features, immunophenotype and molecular genetic changes of T lymphoblastic lymphoma (T-LBL) associated with Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Three cases of T-LBL associated with LCH were included. The morphologic characteristics were reviewed along with immunohistochemical profiling using EnVision method and TCR gene rearrangement by PCR. A review of composite lymphoma previously reported in the literature was performed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All three patients were male with the mean age of 61.7 years. One was Hans and the other 2 were Uyguers. All presented with superficial lymph node enlargement. Biopsy of lymph node showed two abnormal cell populations: distended sinus by large, pale histiocytes with nuclear grooves, and the interfollicular region containing immature-appearing cells with irregular nuclei slightly larger than that of small lymphocyte, dispersed chromatin, inconspicuous nucleoli, scant cytoplasm, and scattered mitotic figures. These cells presented in aggregates and small sheets interspersed with normal-appearing lymphocyte. The histiocytes were positive for CD1a, S-100 protein and CD68. The lymphoma cells were positive for CD3, CD7, TdT and CD34. TCR-γ gene rearrangement was detected in one case by PCR technology. One case involved bone marrow with double phenotype acute leukemia. Amongst the 8 including 5 reported cases, there were 4 males and 4 females. The mean age of the patients and the median age were 54 years. Lymphoadenopathy was the most common presentation. Bone marrow was involved in 4 cases. The time of follow-up was 2 to 27 months. The median survival was 5.5 months and the one-year survival rate was 33.3%.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Diagnosis of T-LBL and LCH should be based on typical morphology, immunophenotype and molecular genetic findings, with differential diagnoses including Langerhans cell hyperplasia originated from dermatopathic lymphadenopathy. When involving lymph node, extensive sampling supplemented by immunohistochemical staining is important to reach a correct diagnosis. Although coexistent T-LBL and LCH is clonally related, the understanding of its pathogenesis requires further investigation.</p>

Clinicopathological significance of Sox17 and β-catenin protein of Wnt in oligodendroglioma / 中华病理学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the expression of Sox17 and β-catenin proteins in oligodendroglioma, and its clinical significance.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>One hundred cases of oligodendroglioma of different grades and 10 cases of surrounding benign tissue from First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University from 2003 to 2013 were assessed by immunohistochemistry for Sox17 and β-catenin protein expression. The clinicopathologic characteristics and outcome of patients with oligodendroglioma were evaluated by Kaplan-Meien and Cox regression analyses.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Sox17 was expressed in 10/10, 82% (41/50) and 62% (31/50) of normal control, oligodendroglioma and anaplastic oligodendroglioma, respectively. β-catenin was expressed in 2/10, 22% (11/50), and 52% (26/50) of normal control, oligodendroglioma and anaplastic oligodendroglioma, respectively. The differences of Sox17 and β-catenin expression between normal control and different types of oligodendroglioma were statistically significant. Univariate analysis showed that the expression of Sox17 protein (P = 0.000), β-catenin protein (P = 0.033), tumor position (P = 0.001), radiotherapy (P = 0.077), and chemotherapy (P = 0.000) were significant prognostic factors.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Oligodendrogliomas with expression of Sox17 protein, but not β-catenin, have better prognosis. Evaluation of Sox17 and β-catenin protein expression is important for accurate pathological diagnosis, prognostication and guiding treatment.</p>

Clinicopathologic analysis of benign and malignant ovarian goiter / 中国癌症杂志

Background and purpose:Struma ovarii is a rare tumor, especially with extraovarian spreading. The study aimed to investigate the clinical and pathological features, diagnosis and differential diagnosis of ovarian goiter. Methods:Clinical and pathological features of 14 cases of benign and malignant ovarian goiter were observed. Immunohistochemical EnVision staining, PCR-DNA sequencing and review of related literature were also used. Results:In 14 cases of benign and malignant ovarian goiter, the average age of onset is 45.6 years (18-71 years old), and pelvic tumor is the main clinical manifestation. According to the related literature of diagnostic criteria, 12 cases are struma ovarii, which is consisted of hyperplasia of the thyroid tissue under microscopic examination, 1 case is malignant struma ovarii, which is papillary thyroid carcinoma by microscopic presentation, and 1 case is highly differentiated follicular carcinoma of ovarian origin (HDFCO), which is histological benign by microscopic presentation, but is malignant by biological behavior. Conclusion:Struma ovarii is a rare ovarian mondemal teratoma, with low rate of malignant change and beyond ovarian lesions disseminated microscopic histological benign struma ovarii is lower incidence, which has unique clinical and pathological features. Comprehensively considering the related literatures, this study indicates that the disease is in accordance with HDFCO. Struma ovarii prognosis is good, and should be differentiated from carcinoid and granular cell tumor.

Clinical and pathologic analysis of astrocytic tumors with loss of heterozygosity on chromosome 10q / 中华病理学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the correlation between loss of heterozygosity (LOH) on chromosome 10q and pathologic features, pathogenesis, prognosis of astrocytic tumors.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>LOH on 10q was studied by interphase fluorescence in-situ hybridization (FISH) in 85 cases of astrocytic tumor, including 35 cases of WHO grade II tumors and 50 cases of WHO grade IV tumors.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>LOH on 10q was detected in 6 cases (17.1%) of diffuse astrocytoma (WHO grade II) and 34 cases (68.0%) of glioblastoma (WHO grade IV). 10q polysomy was detected in 7 cases (20.0%) of diffuse astrocytoma and 11 cases (22.0%) of glioblastoma. The rates of LOH on 10q in young age group and elderly group were 36.4% (12/33) and 82.4% (28/34), respectively. The difference was of statistical significance (P < 0.05). The rates of LOH on 10q in the diffuse astrocytoma and glioblastoma were 21.4% (6/28) and 87.2% (34/39), respectively. The difference was also statistically significant (P < 0.05). Univariate survival analysis showed that patient age, pathologic grade and 10q on LOH correlated with duration of survival (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>There are correlation between 10q LOH, patient age and pathologic grade of astrocytic tumors. LOH on 10q is also related to the pathogenesis of astrocytic tumors and is helpful in predicting prognosis.</p>

Clinicopathologic significance of β-catenin protein and loss of heterozygosity on 10q in medulloblastoma / 中华病理学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the expression of β-catenin protein and the status of loss of heterozygosity (LOH) on chromsome 10q in medulloblastoma, with clinical correlation.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Immunohistochemical study for β-catenin protein was carried out in 50 cases of medulloblastoma encountered in the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University during the period from 2002 to 2011, including 32 cases of classic medulloblastoma, 13 cases of desmoplastic medulloblastoma and 5 cases of medulloblastoma with extensive nodularity. The status of LOH on 10q was also detected by fluorescence in-situ hybridization. The clinicopathologic characteristics and prognostic parameters were studied by Kaplan-Meien and Cox analysis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The rates of expression of β-catenin protein in classic medulloblastoma, desmoplastic medulloblastoma and medulloblastoma with extensive nodularity were 53.1% (17/32), 4/13 and 1/5, respectively. The rate of LOH on 10q was 33.3% (8/24) in classic medulloblastoma and 2/11 in desmoplastic medulloblastoma. There was no statistically significant difference between the two tumor types. Univariate analysis showed that the expression of β-catenin protein (P = 0.022), lack of LOH on 10q (P = 0.020), extensiveness of tumor resection (P < 0.01), radiotherapy (P = 0.002) and chemotherapy (P < 0.01) represented important prognostic factors.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Medulloblastoma with expression of β-catenin protein and without LOH on 10q carries a better prognosis. Assessment of these parameters is helpful in evaluating prognosis and subsequent patient management.</p>

Clinicopathologic analysis of 52 cases of thymic epithelial tumor / 中华病理学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the clinicopathologic characteristics of thymic epithelial tumors and to evaluate the diagnostic reproducibility and clinical relevance of the 2004 WHO histologic classification system.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The morphology and immunophenotype of 52 cases of thymic epithelial tumor were reviewed. The tumors were classified according to the new WHO classification system and the clinical data were analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Of the 52 cases studied, 45 were thymomas and 7 were thymic carcinomas. Amongst the 45 cases of thymoma, 6 (13.4%) were type A, 15 (33.3%) were type AB, 4 (8.9%) were type B1, 9 (20.0%) were type B2, 9 (20.0%) were type B3 and 2 (4.4%) were metaplastic thymoma. Amongst the 7 cases of thymic carcinoma, 6 were squamous cell carcinomas and 1 was neuroendocrine carcinoma. The commonest presentations were cough and chest pain. Some cases were incidentally discovered by routine physical examination. Thirteen cases (25.0%) of thymoma were associated with myasthenia gravis. CT scan showed that 49 cases (94.2%) were located in the anterior mediastinum. All cases of type A, AB and B1 thymoma and most cases of B2 thymoma appeared as well-defined homogeneous mass, whereas a few cases of type B2 thymoma and most cases of type B3 thymoma and thymic carcinoma were poorly demarcated and heterogeneous. According to Masaoka staging system, 20 cases (41.7%) belonged to stage I, 15 cases (31.3%) stage II, 11 cases (22.9%) stage III and 2 cases (4.1%) stage IV. The histologic subtypes of thymic epithelial tumors significantly correlated with the clinical stages (chi(2) = 32.5, P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The 2004 revision of WHO histologic classification system for thymic epithelial tumors shows a high degree of reproducibility. Correlation with the radiologic, clinical and prognostic parameters is helpful in determining the management strategy for individual patients.</p>

Profile of chromosomal imbalances in 10 cases of primary alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma analyzed by comparative genomic hybridization / 中华肿瘤杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>The aim of this study was to characterize the profile of chromosomal imbalances of alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma (ARMS).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>One-step RT-PCR was used to detect the expression of PAX3-FKHR and PAX7-FKHR fusion transcripts in 10 cases of alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma and in an ARMS cell line. Comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) was used to investigate the genomic imbalances in these cases. It was analyzed according to the histological type, pathologic grading, clinical staging, gender and age, respectively.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The 10 patients with alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma showed evidence of increased or decreased DNA sequence copy numbers involving one or more regions of the genome. (1) The frequently gained chromosome arms of ARMS were 12q, 2p, 6p, 6q, 10q, 2q, 4q, 15q, 1p, 9q, 14q and 18q (> or = 30.0%), and the frequently lost chromosome arms of ARMS were 3p, 6p, 20q and 21q (> 30.0%). (2) The frequently gained chromosome arm translocation associated with ARMS were 12q, 10q, 2p, 2q, 6p, 6q, 1p, 4q, 8q, 11q, 14q and 15q (> 30.0%). The frequently lost chromosome arms were 3p, 5q, 6p, 1q, 8p, 11p, 20q and 21q (> 30.0%). (3) There were no correlation between chromosome changes and histological type, pathologic grade, clinical stage, gender and age, respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>These observations suggest that: (1) 12q, 2p, 6p, 6q, 10q, 2q, 4q, 15q, 1p, 9q, 14q, 18q gain and 3p, 6p, 20q, 21q loss may correlated with ARMS-related carcinogenesis; (2) 12q gain may be correlated with translocation.</p>

Effect of Puerarin on K+ channel of isolated ventricular myocyte in guinea pig / 中国应用生理学杂志

<p><b>AIM AND METHODS</b>To observe the effects of Puerarin on K+ channel of isolated ventricular myocyte in guinea pig.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Using inside-out configuration of patch-clamp single channel recording technique.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Puerarin 20 micromol/L, 40 micromol/L, 80 microml/L could inhibit the open-close rate of K+ channel of isolated ventricular myocyte in guinea pig. At 80 micromol/L, Po was decreased from 0.867 +/- 0.13 to 0.019 +/- 0.01 (n = 5, P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Puerarin can inhibit K+ channel of isolated ventricular myocyte in guinea pig. It may be the mechanism of Puerarin against arrhythmias in molecular level.</p>